The Efficacy of Metformin and Exenatide in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) Patients / La eficacia de metformina y exenatida en pacientes con síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP)

Introducción: El Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico (SOP) es un trastorno hormonal que afecta al 5-10% de las mujeres que se encuentran en edad reproductiva. este metanálisis tiene como objetivo evaluar la eficacia de la metformina y la exenatida, respectivamente, y comparar la eficacia de ambos fármacos utilizando el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), el colesterol de lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL-C), el colesterol de lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL-C) y los niveles de testosterona. Método: En este estudio se consultaron Scopus, Science Direct, Oxford Journal, Wiley Online Library y Medline a través del motor de búsqueda PubMed. El análisis estadístico de los estudios incluidos se realizó mediante el software RevMan 5.4. Resultados: Hubo 6 estudios incluidos en el análisis del estudio. Hubo una reducción significativa en el IMC de las pacientes con SOP con exenatida frente a metformina (diferencia de medias = 0,51; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 % = 0,07; 0,96; I 2 = 52 %; p = 0,02). También hubo una reducción significativa en el nivel de testosterona de los pacientes con SOP con exenatida frente a metformina (diferencia de medias = 0,15; intervalo de confianza (IC) del 95 % = 0,07; 0,22;I 2 = 0 %; p = 0,0002). No hubo efecto sobre la media de LDL-C y de HDL-C cuando se comparó entre metformina y exenatida. Este muestra que la exenatida es eficaz para reducir el IMC y los niveles de testosterona en pacientes con SOP. Conclusiones: Hubo una reducción significativa en el IMC y los niveles de testosterona de los pacientes con SOP cuando se usó exenatida en comparación con metformina. Sin embargo, no hubo efecto sobre la media de los niveles de LDL-C y HDL-C de las pacientes con SOP. (AU)

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects 5-10% of women who are their reproductive age. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of metformin and exenatide, respectively, and to compare the efficacy of both drugs using Body Mass Index (BMI), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and testosterone level. Method: Scopus, Science Direct, Oxford Journal, Wiley Online Library, and Medline (through the PubMed search engine) were used in this study. Statistical analysis of the included studies was done using the RevMan 5.4 software. Results: There were 6 studies included in the analysis of the study. There was a significant reduction in BMI of PCOS patients with exenatide versus metformin (mean difference = 0.51; 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.07, 0.96, I 2= 52%; p=0.02). There was also a significant reduction in the testosterone level of PCOS patients with exenatide versus met-formin (mean difference = 0.15; 95% confidence interval (CI)= 0.07, 0.22, I 2= 0%; p=0.0002). There was no effect on the mean of LDL-C and of HDL-C when compared between metformin and exenatide This meta-analysis shows that exenatide is effective in reducing BMI and testosterone levels in PCOS patients. Conclusions: There were a significant reduction in BMI and testosterone levels of PCOS patients when exenatide was used as compared to metformin. However, there was no effect on the mean of the LDL-C and HDL-C levels of the PCOS patients. (AU)

Secondary Metabolites, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Activities of Dioscorea bulbifera Leaf Collected from Endau Rompin, Johor, Malaysia.

Breast cancer is among the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death among women globally. Malaysia is a country that is rich in medicinal plant species. Hence, this research aims to explore the secondary metabolites, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of Dioscorea bulbifera leaf collected from Endau Rompin, Johor, Malaysia. Antioxidant activity was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assays, while the cytotoxicity of D. bulbifera on MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines was tested using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry analysis. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results showed that methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity in DPPH, FRAP, and ABTS assays, followed by ethyl acetate and hexane extracts. D. bulbifera tested against MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines showed a pronounced cytotoxic effect with IC50 values of 8.96 µg/mL, 6.88 µg/mL, and 3.27 µg/mL in MCF-7 and 14.29 µg/mL, 11.86 µg/mL, and 7.23 µg/mL in MDA-MB-231, respectively. Cell cycle analysis also indicated that D. bulbifera prompted apoptosis at various stages, and a significant decrease in viable cells was detected within 24 h and substantially improved after 48 h and 72 h of treatment. Phytochemical profiling of methanol extract revealed the presence of 39 metabolites such as acetic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, acetin, hexadecanoate, 7-tetradecenal, phytol, octadecanoic acid, cholesterol, palmitic acid, and linolenate. Hence, these findings concluded that D. bulbifera extract has promising anticancer and natural antioxidant agents. However, further study is needed to isolate the bioactive compounds and validate the effectiveness of this extract in the In in vivo model.